![]() Users without a subscription are not able to see the full content onĪlt-Right Gangs and White Power Youth Groupsīack-End Sentencing and Parole Revocationīoot Camps and Shock Incarceration ProgramsĬollateral Consequences of Felony Conviction and Imprisonm.Ĭommercial Sexual Exploitation of ChildrenĬommunicating Scientific Findings in the CourtroomĬompStat Models of Police Performance ManagementĬrime Prevention, Voluntary Organizations andĬriminal Justice System, Discretion in theĬross-Sectional Research Designs in Criminology and Crimin.Ĭybercrime Investigations and Prosecutionsĭefining "Success" in Corrections and Reentryĭevelopmental and Life-Course CriminologyĮlectronically Monitored Home Confinementįor-Profit Private Prisons and the Criminal Justice–Indust.Team cohesiveness and collective efficacy have been construed as important characteristics of a high-functioning team. Neighborhood collective efficacy helps to bridge the gap between social disorganization and perceptions for action and cohesion. Shaw and McKay’s groundbreaking work over decades in Chicago provides many theoretical underpinnings to collective efficacy. New York: Lexington Books.īridging social disorganization theory and the systemic theory, this classic book provides foundational insight to work on neighborhood social processes and their consequences for crime. Neighborhoods & crime: The dimensions of effective community control. This brief paper provides several useful theoretical insights for how individuals perceive the collective potential of their environment.īursik, Robert J., Jr., and Harold G. Current Directions in Psychological Science 9.3: 75–78. Exercise of human agency through collective efficacy. Collective efficacy is conceptualized as mutual support and effort of others, and it is argued to have a driving role in affecting social change.īandura, Albert. This paper reviews Bandura’s concepts of self-efficacy and collective efficacy. Building on this work, Bursik and Grasmick 1993 examines the systemic aspects of networks and neighborhoods.īandura, Albert. The social disorganization theory promulgated in Shaw and McKay 1942 examines how Chicago and neighborhoods change over decades. Second, collective efficacy stems directly from the neighborhoods and crime literature. Bandura 2000 provides a general theoretical overview of the interplay between individual agency and collective efficacy. First, collective efficacy builds on Bandura 1982 from social psychology, and it focuses on how environments shape individual decision-making. The theoretical underpinnings for neighborhood collective efficacy stem from many literatures and several scholars, and we note two particular strands here. More recently, many researchers have explored its connection with social networks, as well as the factors that build collective efficacy in communities. While most collective efficacy research has focused on neighborhood crime, a wide range of areas have examined collective efficacy and its consequences for individual behaviors, individual perceptions, and neighborhood processes, including disorder, fear of crime, youth delinquency, substance abuse, health, and schools. Since this study, collective efficacy has been examined in a number of cities in the United States and in several other cities around the globe. ![]() ![]() It was first theoretically conceptualized and tested in the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods by Robert Sampson and colleagues. Sampson ( Sampson 2012, cited under Foundational Studies and Overviews for Neighborhood Collective Efficacy), collective efficacy is the combination of a neighborhood’s social cohesion and perceptions of shared expectations for informal social control. As noted in Great American City: Chicago and the Enduring Neighborhood Effect by Robert J. ![]() Collective efficacy is one of the most influential developments in the neighborhoods literature in the last two decades. ![]()
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